Small update and good news!: fortunately it doesn't seem to be /persist related, because I reinstalled LineageOS 20, stock Android 2.1.12, 2.1.15 and 2.1.17 beta, and there everything works, except LineageOS 20 latest build (20230622?) where there are errors with fingerprint. DivestOS is based on LineageOS, and it was also latest build.
So this just seems to be LineageOS-related and my sensors keep working. That's why I reported this on the official XDA forum thread for Pro1x LineageOS, so if anyone is interested you can follow it there:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/official-li